Mobile Phone Based Attendance Tracking System Essay Sample free essay sample

In bing system. professor takes the attending and enter the inside informations of absentees or presenters through UMS. The computation of student’s attending each twenty-four hours and the per centum is done automatically. The Attendance Section of the UMS helps the pupils and staff to maintain a regular path of their attending. The pupil can look into his/her up to day of the month aggregative attending every bit good as class wise attending as and when required. The parents can besides see and look into their ward’s attending position on regular footing. But chief job is with extra characteristics that UMS provides i. e. a characteristic for Mobiles in the signifier of humanoid or window apps but that is merely for android compatible Mobiles. Though many pupils presents are utilizing humanoids based Mobiles but still many are there which do non utilize such engineering Mobiles. EXISTING SYSTEM Introduction LPU promotes a civilization of paperless University. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Based Attendance Tracking System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours disposal and most of the University processs are carried out online. The University Management System ( UMS ) . an on-line portal of University. is one such advanced measure of the University to supply critical information sing faculty members and other University logistics for helping the University pupils. their parents and the staff. The bing system which is operational and is similar to our undertaking is the LPU Apps which works on assorted different platforms like Windows. Android and Iphone. These applications are available on our University Management System web site. Through these applications we can see our assignments. attending. time-table. consequence etc. In our undertaking which we are developing through the aid of JavaMe. we are developing an application which can run on any Java compatible phone irrespective of the phone’s operating system. In this application we will be taging the attending and besides sing the attending through any Java compatible phone. Existing Software University Management System ( UMS ) is a big database system which can be used to pull off. maintain and procure our university’s twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours concern. The UMS can be accessed through the UMS Login available on the University web site by logging in utilizing the Username ( pupil Registration Number in instance of pupils and parents ; and Employee ID in instance of staff ) and the Password. For login: †¢ The pupils should come in their Registration figure as Username and the watchword. †¢ The Staff should come in their Employee ID as Username and the watchword. In instance of the application provided for the phone based environment named â€Å"LPUTouch† which runs on Io. Android and Windows phone. First the login page comes when we start the application. After logging in as an attested user we can entree our attending. position Markss and see our clip tabular array. What’s new in the system to be developed In the bing system the application has merely been designed for platform like Windowss. humanoid and Io. It does non work on any other phone. But the application which we have designed can run on any Java enabled device irrespective of the type of OS the phone is running. therefore widening the usage of this application. Our undertaking is based on J2ME engineering. PROBLEM ANALYSIS In this stage we analyze the bing system/product looking for t heir strength and failings. For bing we have already mentioned above the assorted jobs with the system. i. e. . it is excessively feverish to be handled. For illustration everything involves paperwork like if we need to look into the old records of the vehicles entered in the premises for the parking so it normally involves direction operating expenses and registries to manually scroll through every page and entry to make a peculiar record. Whereas in the proposed system the full database would be maintained online we merely have to do a question from the user interface. Product Definition Mobile phone based attending tracking system is a J2ME Application developed by utilizing Midlets and JDBC. It is a nomadic app used for taging attending. updating attending records of pupils. and easy care of record maintaining. Feasibility Analysis A feasibleness survey of a system proposal is harmonizing to its workability. which is the impact on the organisation. ability to run into their user demands and effectual usage of resources. Therefore when a new application is proposed it usually goes through a feasibleness survey before it is approved for development. Some of import characteristics that are to be considered for the feasibleness analysis are: 1. Technical Feasibility – The system must be evaluated from the proficient point of position foremost. The appraisal of this feasibleness must be based on an outline design of the system demand in the footings of input. end product. plans and processs. The undertaking should be developed such that the necessary maps and public presentation are achieved within the restraints. Our undertaking is developed utilizing Java/J2ME and JSP and therefore it is technically executable for development. 2. Economic Feasibility – The development system must be justified by cost and benefit. Since the system is being developed as portion of undertaking work. there is no manual cost to pass for the proposed system. Besides all the resources are already available. it give an indicant of the system is economically possible for development. Our undertaking is an app so economically executable. 3. Behavioral Feasibility – In this we focus on the client support that whether the proposed system is sufficient to back up the demands. Our undertaking has taken attention of many client ( student-teacher ) needs. Undertaking Plan The undertaking aims in implementing package that helps professor to take the attending utilizing nomadic phone. For this nomadic must back up Java application. This undertaking is based on J2ME engineering. Professor enters the attending to the nomadic utilizing computer keyboard. It is a manual procedure. After salvaging the absentees or presenters in to the Mobile. teacher can redact the attending list in the Mobile. And this attending inside informations can direct to a computing machine through servlets. After directing the files to a computing machine. attending of pupils gets updated automatically. The undertaking is divided into different subdivisions or faculties. to pull off these all platforms and the database association with them. our squad has the undermentioned people working on different faculties: ? ASHISH NIVHAL: Connectivity Module ? GURBEER KAUR: Database Module ( BACK END )? SUMIT SINGH: User Module ( FRONT END )? ABHAY NATH: User Module ( FRONT END )? SANJEEV KUMAR: Database Module ( BACK END )As the undertaking is in J2ME. for front terminal we will be utilizing midlets as an interface for user for bringing informations and demoing consequences. The back terminal is oracle xe for storage intent. The connectivity between these terminals has been done through JDBC. Software REQUIREMENTS ? Platform: Windows or Linux? Language/Technology: J2ME? Development tools: JDK 1. 5 or subsequently. WTK 2. 5 or subsequently? Database used: Prophet Xenon? Technologies used: JSP. JDBC.? Web Server: Glassfish Server 3. 1. 2 ( Apache Tomcat 5. 5. 9 ) DesignSystem design is design of constituents. architecture. faculties and interfaces of the system. It covers the design of each faculty and its working in brief through Flow charts. Data flow diagrams. The information flow diagram of our undertaking is as shown below Description1. LOGIN TYPEa. MARK ATTENDANCE: For instructors to tag attending of pupils b. GET ATTENDANCE: For pupils to look into out their attending c. ADMIN: For admin to make alterations in database2. LOGINa. USERNAME: For now it is same for all instructors i. e. †Teacher† but in future alterations can be made B. Password: As set by admin can be changed seasonably. instructors will be informed about alterations explicitly 3. Section Choice For choosing among all the subdivisions. which section’s attending instructor want to tag. 4. ATTENDANCEThis will dwell of attending sheet with pupils name to tag the attending 5. DatabaseFor storage intent. all the attending to be saved in this. all pupils attending records are updated etc. . TestingSoftware proving is more than merely error sensing. Testing package is runing the package under controlled conditions. to ( 1 ) verify that it behaves â€Å"as specified† ; ( 2 ) to detect mistakes. and ( 3 ) to formalize that what has been specified is what the user really wanted. 1. Confirmation is the checking or testing of points. including package. for conformity and consistence by measuring the consequences against pre-specified demands. [ Confirmation: Are we constructing the system right? ] 2. Mistake Detection: Testing should deliberately try to do things travel incorrect to find if things happen when they shouldn’t or things don’t go on when they should. 3. Validation looks at the system correctness – i. e. is the procedure of look intoing that what has been specified is what the user really wanted. [ Validation: Are we constructing the right system? ] Functional TestingFunctional testing is a proving technique that ignores the internal mechanism of the system and focuses on the end product generated against any input and executing of the system. It is besides called black box testing because it is non concerned about codification. Black box testing is frequently used for proof. Functional Testing covers the undermentioned focal point countries: ? Mainline map: Focuss on proving the chief maps of the application. Because of this. mainline map proving frequently overlaps with other Functional Testing focal point countries. ? Error conditions: Testing for mistake conditions uses inputs that are outside of the range of valid parametric quantities and pervert from usage instances. This includes researching boundary conditions. driving error waies. and exposing all mistake messages. ? Recovery: The intent of recovery testing is to guarantee that the recovery map meets the recovery demands. Recovery demands stipulate how an application recovers from an mistake. ? Basic serviceability: Functional Testing does non include formal serviceability proving. but all Functional Testing examiners are expected to watch for and describe obvious serviceability jobs that clients might meet when seeking to utilize the merchandise. ? Vulnerability: Functional Testing examiners must analyze and verify all of the security elements designed into the system. in the same manner the mainline maps are tested. ? Arrested development: Trial instances for of import maps are rerun at appropriate points in every release. even if the functionality was unchanged since the last clip the trial was run. A trial instance might besides be rerun one time a hole is applied to verify the hole. This re-verification of old trial instances is called arrested development proving. Structural Testing Structural testing is a proving technique that takes into history the internal mechanism of a system. It is besides called white box testing and glass box proving. It is used for the confirmation. Degree of Testing: 1. Unit of measurement TestingUnit of measurement testing is a process used to formalize that a peculiar faculty of beginning codification is working decently. The process is to compose trial instances for all maps and methods so that whenever a alteration causes a arrested development. it can be rapidly identified and fixed. Benefits: The end of unit testing is to insulate each portion of the plan and show that the single parts are right. Unit proving provides a rigorous. written contract that the piece of codification must fulfill. As a consequence. it affords several benefits: a ) Facilitates Change B ) Simplifies Integrationdegree Celsius ) Documentationvitamin D ) Separation of Interface from Implementation2. Integrated Systems TestingIntegrated System Testing ( IST ) is a systematic technique for formalizing the building of the overall Software construction while at the same clip carry oning trials to uncover mistakes associated with interfacing. The aim is to take unit tested faculties and prove the overall Software construction that has been dictated by design. IST can be done either as Top down integrating or Bottom up Integration. 3. System Testing System proving is proving conducted on a complete. incorporate system to measure the system’s conformity with its specified demands. System proving falls within the range of Black box proving. and as such. should necessitate no cognition of the interior design of the codification. System proving is really done to the full system against the Functional Requirement Specifications ( FRS ) and/or the System Requirement Specification ( SRS ) . Furthermore. the System testing is an fact-finding testing stage. where the focal point is to hold about a destructive attitude and trial non merely the design. but besides the behavior and even the believed outlooks of the client. It is besides intended to prove up to and beyond the bounds defined in the software/hardware demands specifications. Staying All Testing Models comes under System Testing 4. User Acceptance Testing User Acceptance Testing ( UAT ) is performed by Users or on behalf of the users to guarantee that the Software maps in conformity with the Business Requirement Document. UAT focuses on the undermentioned facets ? All functional demands are satisfied. ? All public presentation demands are achieved.? Other demands like transportability. compatibility. mistake recovery etc. are satisfied. ? Acceptance standards specified by the user is met. ExecutionThe undertaking has been divided into following faculties:1. User Faculty:The chief intent of the user faculty is to supply security. This faculty is specially designed for staffs. which use nomadic phone to take attending. Each staff enter username and watchword before enter in to attendance list. If username and watchword can non fit. he/she can’t enter in to attendance page. It is besides for pupils who need to cognize their attending. 2. Attendance Entry Module:The intent of Attendance Entry Module is to tag the attending utilizing cell phone. In this faculty Lecturer takes the attending utilizing the cell phone. Lectors select the subdivision. After this session he enters in to attendance page. Here staff makes a grade on the absentees. 3. Connectivity Faculty: The chief map of this faculty is it sends attendance list to the waiter database. In this faculty connectivity is made between front terminal A ; back end i. e. database. 4. Updating the Database Module: The first map of this faculty is to update the attending list from the cell phone. When the attending list from the cell phone receives. server automatically updates its database. The waiter updating the database whether any alteration from cell phone occurred. 5. Display Faculty: The Displaying attending list Module trades with the WEB application of J2ME. In this faculty Students can see their attending through this app. Student must supply their enrollment figure so they get their attending. Bibliography 1. hypertext transfer protocol: //j2mesamples. blogspot. com/2009/02/database-connection-using-j2me. html 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. roseindia. net/j2me/check-box. shtml3. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=YbXmFp8wRDw A ; feature=related 4. hypertext transfer protocol: //docs. prophet. com/cd/B14099_19/wireless. 1012/b13819/j2meprov. htm 5. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. zimbra. com/forums/zimbrame-j2me-client/20004-how-resolve-javax-microedition-io-connectionnotfoundexception-tcp-exception. hypertext markup language

Definitions and Examples of Copular Verbs

Definitions and Examples of Copular Verbs In English grammar, a copula is a  verb that joins the subject of a sentence  or clause to a subject complement. For example, the word  is  functions as a copula in the sentences Jane  is my friend and Jane is friendly. Adjective: copular. Pronunciation: KOP-u-la. Also known as a copular verb or a linking verb. Contrast with a  lexical verb and a  dynamic verb. The primary verb be is sometimes referred to as the copula. However, while forms of  being  (am, are, is, was, were) are the most commonly used copulas in English, certain other verbs (identified below) have copular functions as well.   Unlike auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs), which are used in front of other verbs, copular verbs function by themselves in the manner of main verbs. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: Ascriptive SentenceDouble CopulaLinking VerbStative VerbVerb of BeingZero Copula Etymology From the Latin, link Examples and Observations These two very old people are the father and mother of Mr. Bucket. Their names are Grandpa Joe and Grandma Josephine.(Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, 1964)The weather is horrible.That car looks fast.The stew smells good.I do feel a fool.She became a racehorse trainer.Its getting late.He spoke intelligently. (Intelligently is an adverb. It tells you about how the person spoke.)He looks intelligent. (Intelligent is an adjective in a predicative position. It tells you about the person himselfrather like saying He is intelligent. The look is a copular verb.)Common CopulasWe use a special kind of verb to join an adjective or noun complement to a subject. These verbs can be called copulas or copular verbs. Common copular verbs are: be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get.After copular verbs, we use adjectives, not adverbs. Compare: Note that some of these verbs are also used with other meanings as ordinary non-copular verbs.(Michael Swan, Practical Eng lish Usage. Oxford University Press, 1995)A copular (or linking) verb is complemented by a subject predicative in a sentence or clause structure. The most common copular verb is; others include become (my friend), feel (tired), get (ready), seem (happy). A copular prepositional verb is a prepositional verb (combination of a verb plus preposition) that is complemented by a subject predicative: sound like (you), turn into (a monster), serve as (mitigating circumstances).(Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996) Describing some kind of state that the thing or person referred to by the subject is in; verbs of this sort include be, remain, seem and appear.Describing the result of some change affecting the thing or person referred to by the subject; verbs of this sort include become, turn, grow and get.Two Main Groups of CopulasCopular verbs fall into two broad groups: Copular verbs can occur in both main and subordinate clauses.James R. Hurford, Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994

Information Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Information Policy - Essay Example However, domain shutdowns and three strike rule have helped reduce cases of piracy. The problem is on peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing sites where privacy is a thorny issue. How can P2P sites be checked for copyright issues without violating privacy? Indeed, top level domains are critical infrastructure that facilitate access to government services. The shutdown of such sites can cripple countries and states. However, some large sites such as Google have a lot of users, more than even the populations of most countries. Do you believe that the shutdown of a site such as Google can cripple the internet? The issue of sites such as pirate bay’s continued existence is as a result of reluctance in the copyright enforcement agencies such as the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The ICE only redirects traffic from the site by changing the domain access of a site to a different site without the pirated material (DeNardis, 2015). This temporary shutdown contributes to the continued existence of sites such as Pirate Bay. The ICE should improve their information technology skills so that they can track the physical address of the servers used to carry out piracy. Additionally, the ICE should confiscate all servers and any materials used to carry out piracy, and arrest and prosecute the copyright violators. Although closing down domains and arresting individuals who download copyright materials will not completely stop piracy, it will helping reduce its occurrence. However, it needs improvement as indicated above. What are the better ways, from your perspective, which can reduce copyrights and trademarks violations, or do you believe that the war against piracy can never be

Airline Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Airline Industry - Dissertation Example Cost of ASK (Available Seat Kilometres) An available seat kilometre in airlines is calculated by multiplying the total number of seats offered by an airline and the total distance flown by an airline (British Airways-a, 2010). The Available seat kilometres for British Airways was found to be 141178 in 2010 which represents a decline from its previous year figures of 148504 in 2009 (British Airways, 2010, p.128). The statistics for its competitors Emirates airlines states the corresponding figures at 161756 which represent a rise from its figures last year that was quoted at 134180 (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.4). The low value of ASK for British Airways can be largely held accountable to the financial downturn which put a pressure on the profit and revenue margins of the firm. Emirates airlines owning to better fleet management and route optimisation generated a much better performance than its competitor British Airways. Revenue per RPK (Revenue Passenger Kilometres) Revenue passenge r kilometres (RPK) is calculated by multiplying the total number of revenue based passengers and the total air miles flown by the airline (British Airways-a, 2010). A good value of this statistic represents a healthy operational and financial aspect of the organization. The value of RPK for British Airways in 2010 was calculated at 110851 which represent a decline from its figures in the last year which was stated at 114346 in 2009 (British Airways, 2010, p.128). The slump in figures can be attributed to decline in the revenues per passenger as well as reduction in the total air miles flown due to route optimisation owning to pressures from the economic recession. The figures for Emirates airlines however show a distinct and definite opposite trend which is pegged at 126273 representing an improvement from its previous year’s figures of 101762 (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.123). BELF (Break Even Load Factor) Break Even Load Factor or BELF is a value term expressed in percentage that represents a scenario in which revenues and operating costs become equal. This factor has different values for different flights and includes aspects like seasonal fluctuations and is largely based on the dynamics of demand and supply in the market (Radnoti, 2002, p.99). The Break Even Load Factor for British Airways was found to be 78.5 percent which represents a rise by about 1.5 percent from its figures in the last year. This was mainly reported due to a reduction in revenue from passengers by about 10.9 percent from the previous year (British Airways, 2010, p.16). The Break Even Load Factor for its competitor Emirates Airlines was found to be 64.4 percent which again represents a rise by about 0.3 percent from its corresponding figure quoted last year (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.123). The major reason for this trend is accountable to the large scale dip in demand for air travel by business as well as individual passengers which was due to the reduction of disposable income and decline in profit margins of the other business travellers. The advent of low cost airlines has also led to a reduction in the

Security Preparation in Shopping Malls

Security Preparation in Shopping Malls Security Plan Paper Security preparation is essential to maintain a flourishing business. Some shopping center otherwise wholesale store has a more appropriate outline of security to function appropriately and be able to make a earning. Security has many different forms varies it could be locked gates to armed security as well as entree position. Electronics has a major role with maintaining a company secured along with the safety. Security arrangements are surveillance cameras, alarms also security workers are keeping watch of the cameras, they are part of a very essential position in the success of the business. Nevertheless, this is in order to keep the commodities being removed off the premises without it being paid for. Security experts have to maintain to the uppermost regulations when working in any Shopping mall. There are malls that will only hire qualified individuals that will take on the duty of keeping their environment risk-free. In addition, when it comes to security professionals it is essential they be trusted and accountable if they want staff members to respect them. Security experts have to train, constant review of their occupation duties with current evaluations about their job performance. Shopping Mall has excellent security systems that are highly recommended with security officers. However, these security officers are able to see precisely what is going on in all parts of the shopping center. The security system has extremely good quality video equipment. The back entries to all the retail provisions that are surrounded by the shopping center has restricted entree, which the security officers are placed throughout the shopping center. There are signs throughout the shopping cent ers also in the parking lot stating that it is under surveillance. Several shopping centers have parking lots that are well lit for the protection of the customers as well as the employees. When it comes to the employees there are many that will do their best to attain accurate and risk-free safety measures. When it comes to the technology at the shopping center, it has a complex plan of attack to security, which includes crime prevention through environment design. This is a plan, which includes interior and exterior design features to help better some crime and protect customers along with employees. Even so all criminal acts cannot be prevented the workers as well as security professionals continue to work collectively keep the mall safe as possible for the customers and all who work there. There are a few threats that some of these shopping centers need to keep watch of robbery, arson, shoplifting, theft, bomb threats also computer hacking. These criminal acts are not only limited but also it can happen anywhere at any given time. That is why many of the shopping centers strive to making sure they have the best security standards. Every employee as well as the security professionals that work at these different shopping centers has to be ready for any type of situation. The security professionals at these shopping centers need to be aware of any shoplifters. When an individual is in a store and not purchasing, anything or the customer looks suspicious or wearing clothing that does not permit the weather, which could be a possible threat. Although many shopping malls have a great security, plans there are not many businesses that are safe any type of threat. It is important that all security personnel be trained in order to handle all types’ scenarios. Once the proper training has been accessible and completed by all security official at all of the stores that are located within the shopping mall can be susceptible to all dangers. However, there are varieties of liable threats that can come up. However, the threat can include things like the lack of proper surveillance, and the possibility of unofficial personnel entering any store from a loading docks, threats from robberies as well as to cashiers and also the possibility of a shoplifting threats to cashiers this can definitely be overlooked. Once all of the security personnel have done their jobs to the best of their ability, the threats would not be as high. When it comes to physical security is controlling in many shopping malls. The mall that I have been too they have at least two at every entrance. Then there are armed security guards that are in the security office as well that are monitoring the cameras then there are armed security officers who are walking throughout the mall to keep a watch for any threats. The physical features of a security plan that they have for some of these malls can be very impressive but are a step ahead of other security standards. The security personnel at the shopping malls they use two way radio and cell phones to communicate with one another. There are shopping malls that I have been to that the employees had a two-way radios or a cell phone that they were carrying at all times. This is another way for them to be aware about what is taking place and relay information efficiently and quickly to one another; this is what makes things in the mall run smoothly. Then the information is being recorded on a high tech monitoring system, this a immense help for any crime scene investigations along with assembly cases. Many of the shopping malls are insured for liability. When incidents that take place at a shopping mall or either on the premises, it is recorded through the cameras that are located just about everywhere. Having this information is great when it pertains to liability. In order to become employed with any shopping center one have to pass a drug test as well as alcohol test, they will have to go through the pre employment screening along with a full background check completed. After they are hired, each individual along with the security personnel will then be subject to a random drug and alcohol testing. With the pre employment screenings this is essential this is another way to keep the environment safe from any lose furthermore employee stealing. There are guidelines that need to be respected for a screening to be done correctly. Every policy that is in place at these shopping malls relies on the teamwork. When it comes to the employees and the security staff, they rely on one another for assistance and safety. These plans of action are needed to be able to keep things moving smoothly. The other stores within the mall have their own goals. These stores have precise inventory with all of their merchandise that comes into their store along with the merchandise that goes out as well. The security staff will help in making sure each individual store will be making a profit. If there should ever be a bomb threat at a shopping mall, they will have to evacuate the entire building. Then everyone will have to stand away from the parking lot that is closest to the road until the authority is given a call. When there is a bomb threat, it needs to be taken seriously and this is the same way if there were a fire. The difference is that the authorities that would need to be called for a bomb threat is a swat team and then the bomb squad will then be called as for a fire the fire department will be called as well. When it comes to these threats, there is a code that is used while using two way radios as a way of communication so that the security staff can inform the other staff members to evacuate the premises within a clam but yet in a effective and speedy manner. All members will have to stand outside away from building until the authorities has cleared the area of being safe. If ever the shopping mall were to have a fire, the same procedure as for a bomb threa t would be used. Even though there are fire alarms that are located throughout the building which are at all entrances, exits. Again, in case of a bomb threat the staff members and security personnel they work together in order to help evacuate the building safely everyone have to stay away until the authorities cleared the area from all danger. When there is a threat to any shopping mall the security personnel are notified through there two-way radios. References Clifford, M. (2004). Identifying and Exploring Security Essentials. Prentice Hall Homeland Security.(2006).Retrieved from http:// http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2006/RAND_TR401.pdf

affirmative action :: essays research papers

Affirmative action is just because it gives a fair advantage to black Americans, women and other minorities who have suffered from the effects of social injustice in our country. Majorities have constantly opposed affirmative action because they view it as an injustice directed to them. In Grutter v Bollinger, one can say that affirmative action is just because it is a benign discrimination. One might say that the law school?s consideration of African Americans, Hispanics and Native American student?s (who otherwise might not be represented in the student body) is unjust. However, considering the facts of the case, the school?s policy does not define diversity solely in terms of racial and ethnic status and does not restrict the types of diversity contributions eligible for ?substantial weight.? Grutter?s grade point average was remarkable but data demonstrates that test and high grade point average is not necessarily the best predictors of future success. The law school considers diversity in their admissions because they think that diversity promotes learning outcomes and better prepare students fro an increasingly diverse workforce for society and for the legal profession. Many people would argue that, there is no studies that prove that diversity promotes learni ng outcomes, but what we know is that, the law school considers diversity for a positive motive. Through diversity, students would be understanding of each others culture and come to respect different views. The school?s program is also flexible enough to ensure that each applicant is evaluated as an individual and not in a way that makes race or ethnicity the defining feature of the application. The law school has also been found to have considered non-minorities with low grade point averages and therefore, Grutter cannot prove that she was rejected solely because of her race. Affirmative action is just because it helps correct the injustice done to specific groups. Through affirmative action, people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were denied their right to equal opportunities are now able to enter institutions where they explore different aspects of learning and contribute to the society. We now have blacks and women who are lawyers, cops, doctors and engineers. This is important because people of the same race are sympathetic to themselves. A black lawyer would be more passionate about defending his/her client of the same race and also a female doctor would be at a best position to understand what her fellow female goes through and also a woman would be most comfortable with a female gynecologists than a male gynecologist.

Essay on the Concept of Power

Nertile Latifi and Brikena Sela Julie Kolgjini Writing Seminar 0502-227 October 07, 2008 What is power, and how does it present itself in our lives? We know for certain that it proves as the one thing that either keeps people together, makes them revolt, or changes history overall. But what is it really? Is it the ability to do or act, or is it political/national strength? Does it always have to be represented by a person in charge? Or is it just something in our minds that has the possession to control our influence. There are so many meanings behind this short yet ‘powerful’ word, such as that which is discussed in Orwell’s Animal Farm, and that which is part of human nature. To begin with, various resources provide different illustrations of power. Reading George Orwell’s Animal Farm, it gives us the view of power in a form of an animal representing us humans. A short summary of the book is that of how one animal, a pig, in the whole bunch has the courage to stand up and feed the other animals with brainwashing information. He begins with things that amuse the group which was mainly equality for all. Since the farmer was in charge of the animals’ lives, the pig reaches out to them in their weakest point by promising them freedom and equality. The pig does this only so the others will agree with every other decision he makes. Time after time, he slowly changes the rules here and there, still pretending to be egalitarian. The rest of the animals are so convinced that they are being led towards the right path from the beginning, they never stop to analyze what they were actually doing, which was whatever they were told by the pig. Eventually they are brought back to the same position by their own kind, as they had been in the beginning by the farmer: following the dictates of a single individual. Thus, according to Animal Farm, we come to understand that power is simply something that is passed on in life. In the story, it was the one thing that kept the animals together doing whatever they were told. If any animal became somewhat suspicious of someone daring to stand up to the leader, they were thrown out immediately. Yet, from the reader’s point of view, it is what causes mayhem in our minds to know that we, as people, are fooled the same way by everyday things. You realize how brainwashing is used and devoured by those who don’t contemplate the consequences of authoritarian regimes. Now, if we â€Å"zoom in† to the big picture, power has a role in each tiny event of our daily lives. Every one of us wants and needs power to show our importance and presence. It is our egos drug. It begins very early in our childhood, when we first start to explore the limit of our power. A little child crying very loudly, for example, waits to see when mom or dad lose their patience and say stop or no. Until then it is not going to stop crying, which shows how we use our power, even if it’s only for some more candy. Later on, that child, lets name her Visvira (which in Latin stands for power), is going to build friendships with other children. Even in the Sandbox there is a hierarchy. Everyone has his/her role; the stronger children like Visvira, who maybe have a lot of power at home, will most likely use it in relation with other children too, and are the unofficial leaders of the whole bunch. It doesn’t even have to be a bunch. In many cases of a friendship of two people, one is always more powerful than the other and time and again it shows, for example, when telling his/her weaker friend what to do. Power rules the world, and as said before it starts with every one of us. We all have the need for power, beginning with the power of controlling ourselves. Visvira is going to grow up, and have many arguments with her parents, which mostly start because she wants more power for herself. She wants to decide more on her own, and her parents are often afraid of giving her too much power. When Visvira has collected that much knowledge to know that it’s not always best to decide everything on her own, she is called an adult. In adulthood power still shows, but differs from the naive use in childhood. Adulthood power is weighed more definite. Visvira is in her first real relationship where she just started to go out with her new boyfriend. From the first day on, each side shows indirectly his and her strengths and powers. What they’ve learned until now is that one always has to give in, if it’s worth the sacrifice. Visvira’s boyfriend for example learned this earlier in his teenage-years, and decided to be the weaker one, who’d rather do what the powerful tell them to, than risk on his own. Hence, Visvira turns out to be dominant in the relationship. She decides what they’re going to do, when, and why. Visvira got so good in using her power it’s even helping in her career. The power she has at home with her family and with her boyfriend gives her confidence and strengthens her so much, that she’s not afraid of being dismissed when coming up with new ideas. After Visvira and her boyfriend move in and get married, she even makes more money than him, which presents another big presence of power. Her life goes on like this when they have children too. She keeps on making the decisions because she wears the pants in the family. But as her children grow up, guess what they’re going to do? Like their mother, they’re going to fight for their own power, and Visvira gets to her last part of life: â€Å"Senior-hood†. She knows now, she isn’t the boss anymore, but the power she lost is given to her back in love and respect. â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others (Orwell 133). As the most influential quote in the entire book, it shows the reality of by what rules our world operates. Orwell is known as an author who tries hard to show readers his view on society and how easily fooled it becomes when there is only one individual in power. From both our examples, we came to an agreement th at our definition of power is when one is able to control your influence so much, you are bound to believe whatever he or she says, even that â€Å"2+2=5. † Work Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company Inc. 1946. Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1949.