Security Preparation in Shopping Malls

Security Preparation in Shopping Malls Security Plan Paper Security preparation is essential to maintain a flourishing business. Some shopping center otherwise wholesale store has a more appropriate outline of security to function appropriately and be able to make a earning. Security has many different forms varies it could be locked gates to armed security as well as entree position. Electronics has a major role with maintaining a company secured along with the safety. Security arrangements are surveillance cameras, alarms also security workers are keeping watch of the cameras, they are part of a very essential position in the success of the business. Nevertheless, this is in order to keep the commodities being removed off the premises without it being paid for. Security experts have to maintain to the uppermost regulations when working in any Shopping mall. There are malls that will only hire qualified individuals that will take on the duty of keeping their environment risk-free. In addition, when it comes to security professionals it is essential they be trusted and accountable if they want staff members to respect them. Security experts have to train, constant review of their occupation duties with current evaluations about their job performance. Shopping Mall has excellent security systems that are highly recommended with security officers. However, these security officers are able to see precisely what is going on in all parts of the shopping center. The security system has extremely good quality video equipment. The back entries to all the retail provisions that are surrounded by the shopping center has restricted entree, which the security officers are placed throughout the shopping center. There are signs throughout the shopping cent ers also in the parking lot stating that it is under surveillance. Several shopping centers have parking lots that are well lit for the protection of the customers as well as the employees. When it comes to the employees there are many that will do their best to attain accurate and risk-free safety measures. When it comes to the technology at the shopping center, it has a complex plan of attack to security, which includes crime prevention through environment design. This is a plan, which includes interior and exterior design features to help better some crime and protect customers along with employees. Even so all criminal acts cannot be prevented the workers as well as security professionals continue to work collectively keep the mall safe as possible for the customers and all who work there. There are a few threats that some of these shopping centers need to keep watch of robbery, arson, shoplifting, theft, bomb threats also computer hacking. These criminal acts are not only limited but also it can happen anywhere at any given time. That is why many of the shopping centers strive to making sure they have the best security standards. Every employee as well as the security professionals that work at these different shopping centers has to be ready for any type of situation. The security professionals at these shopping centers need to be aware of any shoplifters. When an individual is in a store and not purchasing, anything or the customer looks suspicious or wearing clothing that does not permit the weather, which could be a possible threat. Although many shopping malls have a great security, plans there are not many businesses that are safe any type of threat. It is important that all security personnel be trained in order to handle all types’ scenarios. Once the proper training has been accessible and completed by all security official at all of the stores that are located within the shopping mall can be susceptible to all dangers. However, there are varieties of liable threats that can come up. However, the threat can include things like the lack of proper surveillance, and the possibility of unofficial personnel entering any store from a loading docks, threats from robberies as well as to cashiers and also the possibility of a shoplifting threats to cashiers this can definitely be overlooked. Once all of the security personnel have done their jobs to the best of their ability, the threats would not be as high. When it comes to physical security is controlling in many shopping malls. The mall that I have been too they have at least two at every entrance. Then there are armed security guards that are in the security office as well that are monitoring the cameras then there are armed security officers who are walking throughout the mall to keep a watch for any threats. The physical features of a security plan that they have for some of these malls can be very impressive but are a step ahead of other security standards. The security personnel at the shopping malls they use two way radio and cell phones to communicate with one another. There are shopping malls that I have been to that the employees had a two-way radios or a cell phone that they were carrying at all times. This is another way for them to be aware about what is taking place and relay information efficiently and quickly to one another; this is what makes things in the mall run smoothly. Then the information is being recorded on a high tech monitoring system, this a immense help for any crime scene investigations along with assembly cases. Many of the shopping malls are insured for liability. When incidents that take place at a shopping mall or either on the premises, it is recorded through the cameras that are located just about everywhere. Having this information is great when it pertains to liability. In order to become employed with any shopping center one have to pass a drug test as well as alcohol test, they will have to go through the pre employment screening along with a full background check completed. After they are hired, each individual along with the security personnel will then be subject to a random drug and alcohol testing. With the pre employment screenings this is essential this is another way to keep the environment safe from any lose furthermore employee stealing. There are guidelines that need to be respected for a screening to be done correctly. Every policy that is in place at these shopping malls relies on the teamwork. When it comes to the employees and the security staff, they rely on one another for assistance and safety. These plans of action are needed to be able to keep things moving smoothly. The other stores within the mall have their own goals. These stores have precise inventory with all of their merchandise that comes into their store along with the merchandise that goes out as well. The security staff will help in making sure each individual store will be making a profit. If there should ever be a bomb threat at a shopping mall, they will have to evacuate the entire building. Then everyone will have to stand away from the parking lot that is closest to the road until the authority is given a call. When there is a bomb threat, it needs to be taken seriously and this is the same way if there were a fire. The difference is that the authorities that would need to be called for a bomb threat is a swat team and then the bomb squad will then be called as for a fire the fire department will be called as well. When it comes to these threats, there is a code that is used while using two way radios as a way of communication so that the security staff can inform the other staff members to evacuate the premises within a clam but yet in a effective and speedy manner. All members will have to stand outside away from building until the authorities has cleared the area of being safe. If ever the shopping mall were to have a fire, the same procedure as for a bomb threa t would be used. Even though there are fire alarms that are located throughout the building which are at all entrances, exits. Again, in case of a bomb threat the staff members and security personnel they work together in order to help evacuate the building safely everyone have to stay away until the authorities cleared the area from all danger. When there is a threat to any shopping mall the security personnel are notified through there two-way radios. References Clifford, M. (2004). Identifying and Exploring Security Essentials. Prentice Hall Homeland Security.(2006).Retrieved from http:// http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2006/RAND_TR401.pdf

affirmative action :: essays research papers

Affirmative action is just because it gives a fair advantage to black Americans, women and other minorities who have suffered from the effects of social injustice in our country. Majorities have constantly opposed affirmative action because they view it as an injustice directed to them. In Grutter v Bollinger, one can say that affirmative action is just because it is a benign discrimination. One might say that the law school?s consideration of African Americans, Hispanics and Native American student?s (who otherwise might not be represented in the student body) is unjust. However, considering the facts of the case, the school?s policy does not define diversity solely in terms of racial and ethnic status and does not restrict the types of diversity contributions eligible for ?substantial weight.? Grutter?s grade point average was remarkable but data demonstrates that test and high grade point average is not necessarily the best predictors of future success. The law school considers diversity in their admissions because they think that diversity promotes learning outcomes and better prepare students fro an increasingly diverse workforce for society and for the legal profession. Many people would argue that, there is no studies that prove that diversity promotes learni ng outcomes, but what we know is that, the law school considers diversity for a positive motive. Through diversity, students would be understanding of each others culture and come to respect different views. The school?s program is also flexible enough to ensure that each applicant is evaluated as an individual and not in a way that makes race or ethnicity the defining feature of the application. The law school has also been found to have considered non-minorities with low grade point averages and therefore, Grutter cannot prove that she was rejected solely because of her race. Affirmative action is just because it helps correct the injustice done to specific groups. Through affirmative action, people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were denied their right to equal opportunities are now able to enter institutions where they explore different aspects of learning and contribute to the society. We now have blacks and women who are lawyers, cops, doctors and engineers. This is important because people of the same race are sympathetic to themselves. A black lawyer would be more passionate about defending his/her client of the same race and also a female doctor would be at a best position to understand what her fellow female goes through and also a woman would be most comfortable with a female gynecologists than a male gynecologist.

Essay on the Concept of Power

Nertile Latifi and Brikena Sela Julie Kolgjini Writing Seminar 0502-227 October 07, 2008 What is power, and how does it present itself in our lives? We know for certain that it proves as the one thing that either keeps people together, makes them revolt, or changes history overall. But what is it really? Is it the ability to do or act, or is it political/national strength? Does it always have to be represented by a person in charge? Or is it just something in our minds that has the possession to control our influence. There are so many meanings behind this short yet ‘powerful’ word, such as that which is discussed in Orwell’s Animal Farm, and that which is part of human nature. To begin with, various resources provide different illustrations of power. Reading George Orwell’s Animal Farm, it gives us the view of power in a form of an animal representing us humans. A short summary of the book is that of how one animal, a pig, in the whole bunch has the courage to stand up and feed the other animals with brainwashing information. He begins with things that amuse the group which was mainly equality for all. Since the farmer was in charge of the animals’ lives, the pig reaches out to them in their weakest point by promising them freedom and equality. The pig does this only so the others will agree with every other decision he makes. Time after time, he slowly changes the rules here and there, still pretending to be egalitarian. The rest of the animals are so convinced that they are being led towards the right path from the beginning, they never stop to analyze what they were actually doing, which was whatever they were told by the pig. Eventually they are brought back to the same position by their own kind, as they had been in the beginning by the farmer: following the dictates of a single individual. Thus, according to Animal Farm, we come to understand that power is simply something that is passed on in life. In the story, it was the one thing that kept the animals together doing whatever they were told. If any animal became somewhat suspicious of someone daring to stand up to the leader, they were thrown out immediately. Yet, from the reader’s point of view, it is what causes mayhem in our minds to know that we, as people, are fooled the same way by everyday things. You realize how brainwashing is used and devoured by those who don’t contemplate the consequences of authoritarian regimes. Now, if we â€Å"zoom in† to the big picture, power has a role in each tiny event of our daily lives. Every one of us wants and needs power to show our importance and presence. It is our egos drug. It begins very early in our childhood, when we first start to explore the limit of our power. A little child crying very loudly, for example, waits to see when mom or dad lose their patience and say stop or no. Until then it is not going to stop crying, which shows how we use our power, even if it’s only for some more candy. Later on, that child, lets name her Visvira (which in Latin stands for power), is going to build friendships with other children. Even in the Sandbox there is a hierarchy. Everyone has his/her role; the stronger children like Visvira, who maybe have a lot of power at home, will most likely use it in relation with other children too, and are the unofficial leaders of the whole bunch. It doesn’t even have to be a bunch. In many cases of a friendship of two people, one is always more powerful than the other and time and again it shows, for example, when telling his/her weaker friend what to do. Power rules the world, and as said before it starts with every one of us. We all have the need for power, beginning with the power of controlling ourselves. Visvira is going to grow up, and have many arguments with her parents, which mostly start because she wants more power for herself. She wants to decide more on her own, and her parents are often afraid of giving her too much power. When Visvira has collected that much knowledge to know that it’s not always best to decide everything on her own, she is called an adult. In adulthood power still shows, but differs from the naive use in childhood. Adulthood power is weighed more definite. Visvira is in her first real relationship where she just started to go out with her new boyfriend. From the first day on, each side shows indirectly his and her strengths and powers. What they’ve learned until now is that one always has to give in, if it’s worth the sacrifice. Visvira’s boyfriend for example learned this earlier in his teenage-years, and decided to be the weaker one, who’d rather do what the powerful tell them to, than risk on his own. Hence, Visvira turns out to be dominant in the relationship. She decides what they’re going to do, when, and why. Visvira got so good in using her power it’s even helping in her career. The power she has at home with her family and with her boyfriend gives her confidence and strengthens her so much, that she’s not afraid of being dismissed when coming up with new ideas. After Visvira and her boyfriend move in and get married, she even makes more money than him, which presents another big presence of power. Her life goes on like this when they have children too. She keeps on making the decisions because she wears the pants in the family. But as her children grow up, guess what they’re going to do? Like their mother, they’re going to fight for their own power, and Visvira gets to her last part of life: â€Å"Senior-hood†. She knows now, she isn’t the boss anymore, but the power she lost is given to her back in love and respect. â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others (Orwell 133). As the most influential quote in the entire book, it shows the reality of by what rules our world operates. Orwell is known as an author who tries hard to show readers his view on society and how easily fooled it becomes when there is only one individual in power. From both our examples, we came to an agreement th at our definition of power is when one is able to control your influence so much, you are bound to believe whatever he or she says, even that â€Å"2+2=5. † Work Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company Inc. 1946. Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1949.

John Updike A P Essay - 701 Words

The story is AP to make a article Updike that is attention about Sammy was these Queenie. It’s impression make a uncomfortable in the store to ... (((Continue essay))) In the article, John Updike’s AP was the success in the story his coming of age because he will have a information. What else is the short story â€Å"AP† being experience with some of the journey make their minds. Maybe he would like to be seeking from the stories wants to know about discussions about explain. There in the values of life is used commitment are in the process. This is a together in action for their story for Updike’s critical reception, â€Å"A P† is one of Updike’s most anthologized and most popular stories† (Sheets, 319). I know to get people want certainty to†¦show more content†¦Queenie made straight with friends said to us in AP supermarket that it was not indignantly from the cashier in Sammy works. She feels like to embarrassed in the supermarket to cashier can be along with him. The girls leave to store in cashier then Sammy can out a job. He quit was emotional to lose the job because she leaves away become a life for awkward. As he will change to get close to finish preparing away perhaps. That is Updike was saying to the reader of the story before direction. Sammy make an eye his view the girls arrived at the supermarket was release, â€Å"The suggestion here, instead, is that Updike pokes gentle fun at Sammy because he succumbs to the girls who are cast in the roles of the legendary Sirens – the mythological temptresses who lured unwary males to their destruction† (Blodgett, 328). Consider after decision for a Queenie because he makes them suppose able to contestants. ((((Continue Essay)))) The moment of Sammy has a plain rathe to known that the girls should have a result. â€Å"Because Updike wrote â€Å"A P † for The New Yorker, the story assumes a reader whose response to Sammy can go far beyond what the character can articulate for himself (Saldivar, 312). They are deciding to .... ((CotnicneShow MoreRelatedExplication Essay of aP by John Updike1067 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 1-Explication Essay of Aamp;P by John Updike We have all had that moment of clarity when we realize, no longer children, our decisions can greatly impact the course of our future. Aamp;P gives an insight into the main character’s realization of how he perceives his life, the lives of those around him, and how with one impulsive decision he forever changed the course of his life. Sammy, the narrator of Aamp;P, is a 19 year old boy whose assumption of others, dislike of conformity, andRead MoreEssay on A P by John Updike1263 Words   |  6 PagesA P John Updike, one of the most forward-thinking and socially provocative writers of the 50s and 60s, is known for his â€Å"incisive presentation of the quandaries of contemporary personal and social life.† (Lawn 529) Updike graduated from Harvard University and wrote for one of the more cutting edge publications like The New Yorker- both are notoriously ahead of their time and harbor controversial ideas. In his short story â€Å"AP†, Updike reveals a young man named Sammy in a society on the brinkRead MoreEssay on A P by John Updike516 Words   |  3 PagesAP The short story â€Å"AP† written by John Updike, is about three girls who change Sammy’s life. The three girls came from the beach and are not dressed properly to enter a grocery store called AP. Sammy, the main character, is a check out clerk, and observes every detail about the girls. Sam even gives each of the girls a name. His favorite is â€Å"Queenie.† Sammy is obviously the type of guy who doesn’t get a lot of girls. Sam has a conflict of person vs. society. Because of his dead endRead MoreA P, by John Updike Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesThe short story â€Å"A P† by John Updike is about a young man’s decision to stand up for others or, in the other characters’ opinions, make a foolish decision by abandoning his responsibility. At first he believes his decision is the right thing, quitting his job for how the girls were being treated. Then when he gets outside of the store, he realizes the world he just left behind , regrets his decision, and begins to question his actions. 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Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead MoreThe Revolution of The Young People: John Updike Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesIn John Updike’s â€Å" AP†, the revolution of the young people of the current age against authority is explored and explained. â€Å"AP† reveals the shift from conservative and deferential to avant-garde and disrespectful. Through the observation of the behavior of the characters in the story, one can receive a clear picture of the evolution of the sexual revolution that has come in this age. Sammy is the first character that is introduced, he is the protagonist and narrator of the story. 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In this short story, two of the minor characters are quite important. These two minor characters are Queenie, a young women shopper and Lengel, the manager of the Aamp;P. Qeenie and Lengel are vital minor characters, as Updike uses

Crime And Victimization Essay - 1002 Words

Crime and Victimization Chris O’Connor Strayer University CRJ 100 Professor Blais October 31, 2014 Dr. Carla O’Donnell discusses Rational Choice Theory as the thought processes encountered when people engage in delinquent, (youthful offenders,) or criminal behavior. They have a sense that crime pays and this is the easiest way to get ahead in life. Such a criminal mindset does not consider the exact consequences of their maladaptive behavior. Criminal offenders use rational choice to commit a crime, and may perceive only the means to an end. These individuals take the time to think out a plan for the crime from start to finish and consider only an easy self-centered profit motive. There is no regard or consideration for victims or†¦show more content†¦Psychodynamic Theory suggests that his psychopathology reflects a lack of conscience and disregard toward helpless females since he did assault DaVitte’s spouse. It would appear that Robinson was a delinquent, (records sealed,) and was placed on parole after a life of youthful criminal behavior if not delinq uent behavior. Another example of a criminal victimization is the national and sensational criminal case of the serial killer from the State of Indiana, Darian Deon Vann. This week Vann pleaded not guilty though he confessed earlier to investigators killing prostitutes and disposing their lifeless bodies in abandon, run down houses in Gary, Indiana. Reportedly he admitted to the brutal murders of seven women. Many more women may have been slayed by Vann. He is a former Marine who has a history of sexual assaults, victimizing women in the State of Texas and the State of Indiana. Investigators suspect many other jurisdictions and municipalities are looking into their unsolved murder cases. Complex as these serial sexual homicides appear, investigations are at this time incomplete. State Police in Indiana and the Texas Rangers are sharing forensic data and trace evidence. In addition due to Vann’s comments about visiting the dead bodies of the women who were abandon in unoccupied houses, Federal Investigators are directing resources to assist local, county and State law enforcement to complete what will be an extremelyShow MoreRelatedThe Inaccuracy of National Crime Victimization Survey Research1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe Inaccuracy of National Crime Victimization Survey Research However consistent the evidence may be concerning the effectiveness of armed victim resistance, there are some who minimize its significance by insisting that it is rare.[15] This assertion is invariably based entirely on a single source of information, the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Data from the NCVS imply that each year there are only about 68,000 defensive uses of guns in connection with assaults and robberiesRead MoreCrime and Victimization853 Words   |  4 Pages Crime is an unfortunate part of many people’s lives - both for the victim of the crime and also the suspect. There are many theories as to why crimes happen, who commits the crimes, and why crimes happen to certain people. Not all crimes can be solved, or questions answered but these theories give a peek into the thinking or background behind some crimes that are committed. Social process theory believes that individuals are socially conditioned into or against crime (Siegel, â€Å"SocialRead MoreReflecting on Victimization the Crime2075 Words   |  8 PagesVictimization is an outcome of crime. Victims of crime confront issues of social, economic, political and psychological strain. This paper is an examination of victims and these identified strains greater extent. 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In addition, I would like to propose several recommendations that can make significant changes to Ontario’s crime level and reduce victimization. 1. The Risk of Crime and Victimization to Canadians and its costs to taxpayers and to victims The risk of crime and victimization in general

Homosexuality The Film And Tv Has Come A Very Long Way...

While many believe that homosexuality has only been seen in mainstream media for only a few decades, it has actually been with America cinema since the early 1920’s. The portrayal of homosexuality in film and TV has come a very long way since the 1920’s. What viewers see on TV about homosexuality is really just a representation of America’s changing public view on the subject. While we have come to accept the topic of homosexuality in American society more willingly, we have substituted much of our prejudice about gays with the stereotypes that we see on TV constantly. Because as a society we are constantly forced to see these stereotypes, we are being halted in our progression to accept all different kinds of lifestyles. When film was†¦show more content†¦In the early fifties, lesbians were also being attacked by the film industry, portraying them as bulldykes and troublesome neurotics. While the Hollywood was struggling to make topic of homosexuality i n films more suitable for audiences, the film Victim made its debut in the United Kingdom. This was the first film to star a homosexual character that stands up to fight against the oppression of homosexuals. While this was the first time in history that a film portrayed a gay character in a non-demeaning way, this would lead to the stereotype of sympathetic gay characters in film. One film that I would like to note that is a great example from the 90’s would be the film Philadelphia, starring Tom Hanks as a gay AIDS victim that was fired because of his sexuality and disease. Hollywood targets Hanks’ character and makes him into a tragic figure. His character dies at the end of the film. In an interview with Jan Oxenberg, she points out that even though Tom Hanks’ film was very effective, it is just â€Å"a story about a gay hero who dies, who’s a tragic figure† and that it seems as if Hollywood and the film industry will never have a film in which the gay main character lives to see another day (Epstein). Another more recent film that demonstrates this sort of sympathetic gay character would be

Economic Fundamental JB HI- FI Limited

Question: Discuss about the Economic Fundamental for JB HI- FI Limited. Answer: Part 1 A top down analysis involves the objectivity of analyzing an aspect in a wider view and then concluding with the smaller component of the aspect. It mainly looks at the overall aspect for example a companys macroeconomic trend. In this task, the top down analysis is given with regards to the overall economic environment and consideration on how there is a change in view of economic fundamentals of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited (Harvey Norman Holdings 2010). On the same note, the top down analysis on the economic fundamentals of the subject companys also gives an overview how the performance of the companies in question have been impacted courtesy of the subject analysis. Top down analysis of the economic environment of JB HI- FI Limited The economic environment of the subject limited company is in line with the most recent economic data that was conducted by economic experts; the data showed that the economy of JB Hi- Fi Limited is at a favorable stand. The environment proved that the companys stock is considered to have improved by about 30%, in line with a top down analysis of the past six months. This status has made the company to hit another new record, considering the fact that it is ranked at position 97 out of the top 2000 companies in Australia (Jacques Kepos 2012). On the same note, it is debated that the companys economic environment revolves around the income generated from the income earned from other Store Based Retailing Industries in Australia. How forecast change in JB Hi- Fi Limiteds economic fundamental will impact its Performance The forecast change in economic fundamental will impact its performance positively. This is with regards to the already discussed key concerns. On the other hand, Australian financial reports have also shown that the interest rates of JB Hi- Fi limited company have gone down and this is to the consumer or company customers advantage. Its current Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and $ AUD value was also covered in the report. The GDP had improved courtesy of increased consumers support due to their increased consumption rate for the products. The value of $ AUD was also analyzed to have gone up thereby increasing the monetary income of the company. In view of the context question, there is a likelihood of the companys performance moving to a better stand. Economic Environment of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Harvey Norman Holdings Limited shares on the same economic environment just like its competitor JB Hi- Fi Limited Company. Its share on favorable economic conditions which has boosted the confidence of consumers in consuming its products and this has improved the companys sale. How forecast changes in economic conditions has impacted the performance of the subject company in the industry The changes in the economic environment have positively impacted the performance of the company. In the previous years, the consumers confidence on products produced by Harvey Norman Holdings was low but this has changed over time. On the same view, the current interest rate of the limited company in context is also seen to be below 10% which in the perspective of key financial experts is to the benefit of consumers. Apart from the mentioned, the companys Gross Domestic Product and value of $ AUD is seen to be at an improved stand thereby sharing in the same performance as JB Hi- Fi Limited Company. Part 2 Bottom- Up analysis of the financial situation of both JB Hi- Fi Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Bottom- up analysis simple means the approach that is made to certain aspect of analysis and giving less concern to both market cycle and economic cycle. The bottom-up analysis of the subject covers key areas with regards to the mentioned companies accounting ratios and also a selection of few key performance measures that the companys bear. These measures are also analyzed by the subject analysis in order to ascertain the companies performance. The analysis of the accounting ratio of JB Hi- Fi Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is in line with the financial analysis of the companies. The analysis of the latter company shows that its ratio is determined by the strong growth in terms of its revenue of 8.40% to $ 2. 96b in 2011 and a further 5.70% increase to about $3.13b in 2012. Since the year 2011 to date, the accounting ratio of JB Hi- Fi Limited Company is seen to be at favorable stand because it has experienced an upward trend in terms of its performance. This the main reason why it is seen to be better as compared to Harvey Norman Holdings Limited. On the other hand, the accounting ratio of Harvey Norman Holdings especially within the past five months is noticed to have attributed to by the accounts inventory, other payable interests in terms of loans and borrowing and finally trade. For example, in the financial year 2011, the number of the companys inventory 336,742 and in the financial year 2012, a notable decrease of about 22% was observed. The decrease was noted until 2014, and in 2015, there was a slight increase in terms of the subject. With the above discussed financial facts to the two Limited Companies in context, it is concurrent to conclude that the accounting ratio of JB Hi- Fi Limited is at a better position as opposed to its competitor Harvey Norman Holdings. The ratio estimate can be at 3:2 respectively. Few Key Performance Measures The bottom- up analysis of the subject limited companies covers various performance measures as previously mentioned. These measures include the following; profitability, risk, stability and finally growth. Definition of the key Performance Measures The first key performance measure is on profitability, the subject measure is mainly concerned by the extra income generated by the two limited companies in context. The second measure of performance is on growth, which is mainly concerned with the positive trends in both JB Hi- Fi limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited (Nelson Information 2002). If a company shows positive trends in its operations then it is concluded that it is growing. Other than the mentioned, the other key measure is on risk which associated with factors that can lead to the downfall of the two companies. The final measure is that of stability as provided earlier. The main point on stability is on the maintenance of the companies trend of operation. Explanation of the measures and what they tell in the performance of a company Profitability Both JB Hi- Fi company are argued to have given keen consideration to this key measure since it is what determines the stability of the companies in the market. It is estimated that the profits that the two companies are enjoying is because of increase in their sales which has gone up to 5.8% which is equivalent to around $ 3.3billion on their sales earnings. Growth The two companies in context are not at their original stand. They have grown in terms of their business dealings over the years. Their growth can be estimated in terms of current number shares they each hold, number of employees, the existing remuneration, the number of their customers globally, their individual Gross Domestic Products and finally the evaluation of their financial reports. The bottom up analysis in context reveals that the individual companies have grown in almost all perspective and this has increased their sales and even GDP. Currently, the companies in context are serious competitors in the business domain are both ranked favorably. Risk This is a key measure that every company always wants to take care of. The irony is that business involves a lot of risking; you invest money into a particular business with no particular surety whether the business will bring back good returns. The companies in context have had issues with risk management and it is because of this that they are in their current positions. For example, JB Hi- Fi Companys major risk has been on debt to equity ratio, where it borrows money from the bank to accelerate itself through leverage (O'neill 2002). This is usually risky since too much leverage can lead to disaster especially if a business has problems of servicing the loan. JB Hi- Fi has been able to control this among other risks and this has influenced its performance positively. The same discussed risk in the case of JB Hi- Fi is also the same to its competitor Harvey Norman Holdings Limited. Harvey Norman Holdings Limited has also been able to manage its risks very well and that is why its performance is at a better stand as well. Stability The two companies have showed steady trends in terms of their operations. They have been able to operate well and even maintaining higher levels of financial stands. Currently, the companies in context are within top 100 of the overall company ranking amongst the first top 2000 Australian companies. This kind of impressive performance is attributed to by their steadiness in their operations (Kirby 2003). Summary on how economic fundamentals changes analyzed in top down analysis part affects the value of companies and its shared price analyzed in the bottom part analysis Important economic changes analyzed in top down analysis as shown in the subsequent paragraph improves the companys value. This has been captured for both JB Hi- Fi and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited in the paragraphs above. The changes in their economic environments have made the companies aestheticism to be realized. Most of the economic fundamentals with regards to down analysis have shown both JB Hi- Fi and Harvey Norman Holdings being able to operate at the top of their competitors. What is clear with the economic fundamental factors is that they influence the companys performance to a better stand thereby increasing value. Furthermore, the shared price of the mentioned companies with respect to top down analysis in the bottom up analysis is majorly on issues related to the companies performance (Vann Aberjhani 2008). This is an area that has been extensively covered in the bottom up stage and has even lead to the bringing on board a number of measures of performances that the companies in question takes into keen consideration. These key measures have included; profitability, growth, risks and finally stability. Performance is a shared price analyzed in the bottom up analysis since all that which is entailed in the top down analysis were all directed to it as the end aspect. Recommendations for companies in terms of financial management and investment for better results and performance to be achieved The first recommendation is that companies to develop better decision making just like we have covered in our class notes to enable them come up with better ideas that can impact them positively. The second recommendation is companies to look for better branding that will enable them restore confidence in their customers to develop taste and preference for products that they deal in. This will positively improve both their performance and accord them better results as well Nevertheless, I would recommend for companies to develop clear objectives which they will have to meet, and should they not meet them, they are suppose to go back to the drawing board and come up with ways of achieving them. This will enable companies to have focus in their operations and the end result will be likable. The final recommendation that I would give is for companies to incorporate into their constitution, series of meetings that will ensure that they do regular evaluation of their operation and come up with policies that can improve their performance and give them better results. References Harvey Norman Holdings. (2010). Annual report. Auburn, N.S.W., The Company. Jacques, D., Kepos, P. (2012). International directory of company histories. Volume 136 Volume 136. Detroit, Mich, St. James Press. https://find.galegroup.com/gvrl/. Nelson Information, INC. (2002). Nelson Information's directory of investment research. Port Chester, N.Y., Nelson Information. Kirby, J. (2003). Gerry Harvey: business secrets of Harvey Norman's retailing mastermind. Milton, Qld, John Wiley Sons. O'neill, E. (2002). Long day's journey into night. New Haven, Yale Nota Bene. Vann, L. E., Aberjhani. (2008). Elemental: the power of illuminated love. Columbia, SC, Soar Pub.